Praxis Medical Insights

Est. 2024 • Clinical Guidelines Distilled

Made possible by volunteer editors from the University of Calgary & University of Alberta

Last Updated: 8/27/2025

Adult Vaccination Recommendations

Age-Based Recommendations

  • The American College of Physicians recommends annual influenza vaccination for all adults regardless of age or health status 2, 3
  • The American College of Physicians recommends tetanus and diphtheria (Td) booster every 10 years, with one dose of Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) substituting for one Td booster in adulthood 1, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for women through age 26 years: 3-dose series 1, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for men through age 21 years: 3-dose series 1, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Zoster (shingles) vaccination: 1 dose recommended for adults aged ≥60 years, regardless of previous history of herpes zoster 1, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for adults 65 years or older: PCV13 (based on shared clinical decision-making) followed by PPSV23 at least 1 year later 2, 3

Health Status-Based Recommendations

  • The American College of Physicians strongly recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for immunocompromised individuals 1, 5
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for adults with chronic pulmonary disease (including asthma) 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for adults with chronic cardiovascular diseases 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal vaccination for adults with chronic liver diseases 7
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for adults with end-stage renal disease, including patients receiving hemodialysis 7
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for adults with HIV infection 7
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for adults with chronic liver disease 5, 6

Risk Factor-Based Recommendations

  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for healthcare personnel and public safety workers exposed to blood 5, 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis A vaccination for persons working with hepatitis A virus in laboratory settings 5, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Meningococcal vaccination for microbiologists routinely exposed to Neisseria meningitidis 3
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis A vaccination for men who have sex with men 3
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis A vaccination for persons who use illegal drugs 5, 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for sexually active persons not in long-term monogamous relationships 7
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for current or recent injection drug users 1
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis B vaccination for men who have sex with men 5, 6
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Hepatitis A vaccination for persons traveling to countries with high or intermediate endemicity of hepatitis A 5, 6

Special Considerations

  • The American College of Physicians recommends Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably between 27-36 weeks gestation 1, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Influenza vaccination for all pregnant women during influenza season 7, 4
  • The American College of Physicians recommends Pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for individuals with asplenia 1, 3