Evidence‑Based Fluid Management in Nephrotic Syndrome

Dietary Sodium Restriction

First‑Line Diuretic Therapy

Switching Loop Diuretics When Resistance Occurs

• The patient experiences treatment failure with furosemide,
• Oral drug bioavailability is compromised (e.g., due to gut edema), or
• Longer‑acting agents are needed to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations.
  1, 2, 3

Combination Therapy for Diuretic‑Resistant Edema

Thiazide‑Like Diuretics

Potassium‑Sparing Agents

Other Adjuncts

Management of Refractory Cases

Monitoring for Adverse Effects

Acute vs. Chronic Use of RAAS Inhibitors