Contraception Using Intrauterine Devices

Definition and Classification

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses "IUD" to classify both the levonorgestrel-releasing device (LNG-IUD) and the copper-bearing device (Cu-IUD) 1, 2, 3
• IUD (Intrauterine Device) is the general term that includes all devices placed in the uterus for contraception, regardless of whether they release hormones 1, 2, 3

Clinical Implications

• Both devices are highly effective contraceptives with failure rates less than 1% per year 4
• Neither device protects against sexually transmitted infections or HIV 1, 5
• Both are appropriate for nulliparous women, adolescents, and women in various medical conditions 4
• Both can be inserted immediately postpartum or post-abortion 1, 6

Device Characteristics

• The LNG-IUS provides therapeutic benefits for menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and adenomyosis 7
• IUDs and subdermal implants are classified as progestin-only contraceptives by the CDC 4