Epidemiology of Lymphoma

Incidence and Demographics

The European Union has a crude incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) of 2.3 cases per 100,000 population per year, with a mortality rate of 0.4 cases per 100,000 per year 1, 2
HL demonstrates a bimodal age distribution with peaks in young adults aged 20-40 years and in individuals aged 55 years and older 1, 2
Slightly more men than women are diagnosed with HL 1, 2
The crude incidence of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Europe is 3.8 cases per 100,000 per year 5
Recent epidemiologic data suggest a worldwide increase in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence (approximately 30% in 5 years prior to 2010) 3, 4

Classical HL (cHL) accounts for approximately 95% of all HL cases 1, 2
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL) represents approximately 5% of all HL cases 1, 2
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for approximately 30-40% of adult NHL 3, 4, 5

Family history of lymphoma is a risk factor 5
Autoimmune diseases are a risk factor 5
HIV infection is a risk factor 5
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity is a risk factor 3, 4, 5
High body mass as a young adult is a risk factor 5
Certain occupational exposures are a risk factor 5
Environmental factors, including increased pesticide use, are a risk factor 3, 4
Infectious diseases are a risk factor 3, 4

Smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity before diagnosis are associated with poorer overall and lymphoma-specific survival in NHL patients 6
Tumor microenvironment factors (immune and stromal infiltration) are emerging as prognostic factors 3, 4

The Lugano Classification has modernized recommendations for evaluation, staging, and response assessment of both HL and NHL 7, 8
FDG-PET/CT has been formally incorporated into standard staging for FDG-avid lymphomas 7, 8
Bone marrow biopsy is no longer indicated for routine staging of HL and most diffuse large B-cell lymphomas 7, 8