Hypertonic Saline in Refractory Heart Failure Management

Guideline Recommendations

• The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines do not specifically mention hypertonic saline for refractory heart failure management, highlighting a gap in current recommendations 1

Limitations of Current Evidence

• Most evidence for hypertonic saline in refractory heart failure comes from small studies with methodological limitations, emphasizing the need for further research 1