Vitamin D and Mood Regulation

Introduction to Vitamin D's Role in Mood

Vitamin D receptors and the enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase are present in various tissues including the brain, suggesting potential direct effects on mood regulation 1

Approximately 33% of the U.S. population has 25-(OH)D levels of 20 ng/mL or less, and 77% have levels less than 30 ng/mL 2
Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include decreased dietary intake, decreased sun exposure, darker skin pigmentation, older age, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorptive conditions, being homebound or institutionalized, and living at high latitudes 2
Some experts recommend optimal vitamin D levels of at least 30-40 ng/mL for health benefits beyond bone health 2

Vitamin D may influence mood through several mechanisms, including reducing inflammation, which has been linked to depression 1
Vitamin D may also improve endothelial function and blood flow to the brain, and affect immune function, which may indirectly impact mood 1