Kidney Stone Prevention Guidelines

Primary Dietary Recommendations

The American Urological Association recommends achieving at least 2.5 liters of urine output daily regardless of beverage choice, as this is supported by randomized controlled trial evidence 1
The American Urological Association suggests maintaining normal dietary calcium intake of 1,000-1,200 mg/day rather than restricting it, as higher dietary calcium actually reduces stone risk 1
The American Urological Association advises limiting sodium intake to 100 mEq (2,300 mg) daily, as this reduces urinary calcium excretion 1

Observational studies show that coffee, tea (caffeinated and decaffeinated), beer, and wine are associated with reduced stone risk 1, 2
Orange juice showed no association with stone risk in observational studies, while grapefruit juice increased stone formation risk by 40% and should be avoided 2, 3

For patients with documented hypocitraturia or recurrent stones despite dietary measures, potassium citrate remains the first-line pharmacological therapy, according to the American Urological Association 1