Motivational Interviewing for Dental Patients

Introduction to Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a highly effective patient-centered communication technique that increases patients' intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy for engaging in oral health promoting behaviors through patient-centered yet directive communication techniques 1, 2, 3
MI is a method of talking to patients about changing their behavior that emphasizes patient autonomy while providing guidance about potential mechanisms of change 1
The goal is to increase intrinsic motivation for engaging in health-promoting behaviors rather than simply telling patients what to do 3
MI relies on reflexive listening, strategic questions, affirmations of character strengths, and statements emphasizing patients' decision-making autonomy to elicit "change talk" 2
The approach embodies an "MI spirit" - an empathetic, collaborative, and nonjudgmental demeanor that respects the patient's autonomy 3

MI has been associated with a reduction in the degree of severe caries among children in some populations 5
Studies show that MI increases parent and caregiver knowledge about oral health, though results on caries reduction are mixed 5
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends MI as an effective approach for improving oral health behaviors in children, with a reduction in severe caries 5

Technology-delivered adaptations of MI (TAMIs) are being developed to increase accessibility while limiting costs 1
The approach is most effective when initiated at key moments, such as at the eruption of a child's first tooth, according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 5

Summaries: Periodically recap the conversation to reinforce change talk and commitment to improved oral health behaviors 4
OARS Approach: Use Open-ended questions, Affirmation, Reflections, and Summaries as a framework for patient conversations, as recommended by the American Dental Association 4