Praxis Medical Insights

Est. 2024 • Clinical Guidelines Distilled

Made possible by volunteer editors from the University of Calgary & University of Alberta

Last Updated: 10/23/2025

Causes of Jaundice

Etiology of Jaundice

  • Malignancy is documented as one of the most common causes of jaundice, particularly severe jaundice, according to the American College of Radiology 1, 2
  • European studies identify malignancy as the most common etiology of severe jaundice, as reported by the American College of Radiology 1, 2
  • In U.S. studies, malignancy accounts for 6.2% of all jaundice cases, according to the American College of Radiology 2

Pathophysiology of Jaundice

  • Impaired bilirubin conjugation is a recognized pathophysiological mechanism causing unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, as stated by the American College of Radiology 2, 3
  • Liver disorders, such as hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis decompensation, can cause jaundice, with a frequency of 16% and 20.5%, respectively, as reported by the American College of Radiology 1, 2
  • Bile duct disorders, including choledocholithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma, can cause jaundice, according to the American College of Radiology 1, 2
  • Pancreatic disorders, such as pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy, can cause biliary obstruction and jaundice, as stated by the American College of Radiology 1, 2
  • Hemolysis produces unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia through bilirubin overproduction, accounting for 2.5% of jaundice cases in U.S. studies, according to the American College of Radiology 1, 3

REFERENCES

1

acr appropriateness criteria<sup>®</sup> jaundice. [LINK]

Journal of the American College of Radiology, 2019

2

acr appropriateness criteria<sup>®</sup> jaundice. [LINK]

Journal of the American College of Radiology, 2019

3

Pathological Jaundice: Diagnosis and Management [LINK]

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025