Post-Nephrectomy Surveillance for Angiomyolipoma

Surveillance Requirements

The American Urological Association recommends baseline abdominal imaging (CT or MRI) within 3-12 months post-surgery for patients after partial nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma 1, 4, 5
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends annual abdominal imaging (CT, MRI, or ultrasound) for 3 years after the baseline scan for patients after partial nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma 1, 4, 5
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network also recommends annual chest imaging (chest radiograph or CT) for 3 years for patients after partial nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma 4, 5

The European Association of Urology recommends obtaining CT or MRI with and without IV contrast during routine post-nephrectomy surveillance imaging to characterize echogenic foci 1, 2, 6
For asymptomatic renal angiomyolipomas <4 cm, the European Respiratory Journal suggests annual ultrasound surveillance 7, 8
If imaging is indeterminate or suggests malignancy, consideration of biopsy or more intensive surveillance is recommended by the American Urological Association 6

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends history and physical examination every 6 months for 2 years, then annually through year 5, and comprehensive metabolic panel every 6 months for 2 years, then annually to 5 years, monitoring renal function 4, 5
Abdominal imaging annually for 3 years and chest imaging annually for 3 years are also recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network to monitor both the nephrectomy site and the echogenic focus 1, 4, 5