Risk Factors for Miscarriage

Medical and Obstetric History

Women with diminished ovarian reserve, characterized by low anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, have approximately 35% increased relative risk of miscarriage, as reported by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 1, 2, 3

Early pregnancy ultrasound findings, such as calcified yolk sac and expanded amnion sign, indicate poor prognosis, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, although this specific fact is from Praxis Medical Insights, it will be replaced with a similar fact from a different source if available, however, in this case, the fact that women with history of recurrent miscarriage have increased long-term health risks including cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism is not cited, but women with diminished ovarian reserve may have approximately 7% absolute increase in miscarriage risk (e.g., from 20% to 27%) 3

Fetal chromosomal defects account for up to 60% of all miscarriages and are considered non-modifiable factors 4
Maternal congenital uterine abnormalities affect up to 38% of women with recurrent miscarriage 4
Insulin resistance and obesity can increase miscarriage risk 4
Short cervix (<25 mm) was previously thought to increase miscarriage risk, but activity restriction is now discouraged as it may actually increase preterm birth rates 4