Vascular Skin Changes

Vascular Tumors

The American Academy of Pediatrics notes that infantile hemangiomas are highly vascular, raised lesions with well-defined borders that are readily distinguished from flat capillary malformations 1
Infantile hemangiomas appear before 4 weeks of age as red, bright lesions that proliferate rapidly, completing most growth by 5 months, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 1, 2
Superficial hemangiomas have a bright red, raised, and lobulated appearance, as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics 1
Deep hemangiomas have a bluish discoloration with less distinct borders, appearing later than superficial types, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 1
Up to 70% of infantile hemangiomas leave residual changes, including telangiectasia, fibrofatty tissue, redundant skin, atrophy, dyspigmentation, and scarring, as noted by the American Academy of Pediatrics 1, 2
Pyogenic granuloma is a rapidly enlarging, pedunculated lesion with a median size of 6.5 mm, most commonly located on the head and neck, prone to erosion and difficult-to-control bleeding, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 1, 3
Congenital hemangiomas are fully formed at birth, distinguishing them from infantile hemangiomas, and can be subdivided into RICH (rapidly involuting) and NICH (noninvoluting) types, as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics 1

Capillary malformations are flat lesions, in contrast to most infantile hemangiomas, and can be subdivided into port wine stains (PWS), nevus flammeus simplex (NFS/"salmon patch"), according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 1, 4
Port wine stains are flat, darker red-purple lesions with well-defined borders that darken with time, as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics 1, 4
Venous malformations are bluish, compressible lesions that may expand with dependent positioning and do not involute, growing proportionally with the patient, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 1
Lymphatic malformations can be subdivided into microcystic and macrocystic based on lacuna size and may appear hemorrhagic when bleeding occurs into surface vesicles, as noted by the American Academy of Pediatrics 1

The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that varicose veins are elongated, tortuous, dilated veins most commonly on lower extremities, and telangiectasias occur in 43% of men and 55% of women 5
Varicose veins occur in 16% of men and 29% of women, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians 5
Advanced changes in chronic venous disease include skin pigmentation changes (hemosiderin deposition), eczema and dermatitis in affected areas, lipodermatosclerosis, and venous ulceration, as described by the American Academy of Family Physicians 5

Angiokeratomas (Fabry disease) are small, slightly raised, purplish-red, non-blanching angiectases that initially appear between 5-13 years of age and progressively increase in number and size with age, according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics 6