Wound Care Guidelines

Introduction to Wound Care

The American Heart Association recommends cleaning a 1 cm scalp wound thoroughly with sterile normal saline solution, applying antibiotic ointment, and covering with a clean occlusive dressing to promote healing and prevent infections 1, 2

Evaluate the exact size, depth, and characteristics of the wound, and check for foreign bodies or visible contamination, as well as active bleeding that may require control, and signs of infection such as redness, heat, swelling, or purulent discharge 1, 2

Use sterile normal saline solution or clean drinking water for wound irrigation, and irrigate generously to remove all visible debris 1, 2
Moderate-pressure irrigation is more effective than low-pressure irrigation in removing debris 2
Tap water is as effective as other solutions in reducing infection rates 2
Clean the wound from the center outwards to avoid introducing contaminants, and avoid shaving the hair around the wound as it may increase the risk of infection 3

Apply a small amount of antibiotic ointment, such as bacitracin, to a clean wound without signs of infection, and cover with a clean occlusive dressing 2
The occlusive dressing keeps the wound moist and accelerates healing 2
For infected wounds, clean thoroughly with sterile saline solution, consider taking a culture if there is purulent drainage, and apply topical antibiotic ointment such as mupirocin 2% 4
In more extensive infections, consider using silver dressings, and evaluate the need for oral antibiotics such as cephalexin or anti-staphylococcal penicillins 4

Review the wound in 24-48 hours to assess signs of healing or infection, and change the dressing if it is wet or dirty 3
Seek medical attention if signs of infection appear, such as increased pain, redness, swelling, purulent discharge, fever, or red lines extending from the wound 3
Verify tetanus vaccination status and administer a booster if necessary 5

Do not apply alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or other irritants to the wound, as they can damage tissue and delay healing 1
Do not apply ice directly to the wound, as it can cause tissue ischemia 1
Use emollient or foam padding on scalp wounds, and avoid using adhesive tapes; instead, use gauze or tubular bandages to secure dressings 3