Preoperative Cardiovascular Risk Stratification for Non‑Cardiac Surgery

Validated Risk Prediction Tools

Frailty Assessment (Patients > 70 years)

Functional Capacity Evaluation

Laboratory and Cardiac Testing for Intermediate/High‑Risk Patients

Additional Considerations and Caveats

All facts are derived from cited guideline statements and evidence summaries (citations 1 and 2). Strength of recommendation is indicated where specified.

REFERENCES

2024 aha/acc/acs/asnc/hrs/sca/scct/scmr/svm guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. [LINK]

Circulation, 2024

european society of cardiology quality indicators for the cardiovascular pre-operative assessment and management of patients considered for non-cardiac surgery. developed in collaboration with the european society of anaesthesiology and intensive care. [LINK]

European Heart Journal, 2023

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