Echocardiogram Normal Values and Measurements

Left Ventricular Parameters

Normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 53-73% for adults over 20 years of age, according to the European Society of Cardiology 1
The American College of Cardiology recommends that normal LVEF is 63 ± 5% using the biplane method of disks 1
Normal 3D echocardiography values for LVEF are >54% for men and >57% for women, as suggested by the European Society of Cardiology 2
LVEF is not significantly related to gender, age, or body size, as stated by the European Society of Cardiology 1

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi) and left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) should be normalized for body surface area (BSA), as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 2, 4
LV internal dimensions are measured at the base of the left ventricle, according to the European Society of Cardiology 1

Normal left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) is >20% (absolute value), as suggested by the European Society of Cardiology 2
GLS measurements should be made in the three standard apical views and averaged, as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 1
Right ventricular free wall GLS is >23% (absolute value), according to the European Society of Cardiology 2

The quality of cardiac imaging should be reported (optimal, fair, suboptimal, or poor), as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 2, 4
Vendor and model of the echo machine should be reported due to inter-vendor variability, as suggested by the European Society of Cardiology 2, 4
Measurements should be indexed to body surface area for accurate interpretation, as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 2, 4

Serial assessment of GLS in individual patients should be performed using the same vendor's equipment and software due to intervendor variability, as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 1
Variation over time should be interpreted carefully, considering the reproducibility of the parameters used, as stated by the European Society of Cardiology 5