Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Epidemiology

• In high-income countries, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract account for approximately half of all chronic kidney disease cases in children, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 2
• The geographic distribution of CAKUT varies significantly, with lower rates in low- and lower-middle-income countries due to limited prenatal screening and higher rates of infective causes, as reported by the World Health Organization 2

Clinical Entities

• Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most commonly detected abnormality in pediatric cohorts, accounting for 36.4% of cases, as noted by the European Society for Pediatric Urology 1