Diagnostic Imaging for Thoracic Venous Outlet Syndrome

Imaging Modalities

• The American College of Radiology recommends diagnostic imaging studies including catheter-based venography, CT venography (CTV), MR venography (MRV), or ultrasound duplex Doppler studies for the diagnosis of VTOS 1, 2, 3
• Imaging findings must be carefully correlated with clinical symptoms, as venous compression is often present with arm abduction in asymptomatic patients 2, 4