Prevention and Treatment Options for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Mumps

Mumps Prevention

The primary strategy to prevent mumps is to achieve and maintain high immunization levels through routine vaccination of all children with two doses of MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1
MMR vaccine is the cornerstone of mumps prevention, with the first dose administered at age 12-15 months and the second dose at age 4-6 years before school entry, according to the CDC 2
State vaccination laws requiring immunization before school entry have contributed significantly to reducing mumps incidence, as reported by the CDC 1

Widespread vaccination during a mumps outbreak may help terminate the outbreak, as recommended by the CDC 3
Revaccination with MMR is recommended for all attendees and their siblings who have not received two doses of measles-containing vaccine, according to the CDC 4
Persons exempted from vaccination for medical, religious, or other reasons should be excluded from involved institutions until 21 days after the onset of rash in the last case, as recommended by the CDC 4

Unlike measles, post-exposure vaccination with MMR does not prevent or alter the clinical severity of mumps, as reported by the CDC 3
If administered within 72 hours of initial measles exposure, MMR vaccine may provide some protection, according to the CDC 3
For susceptible household contacts not vaccinated within 72 hours, immune globulin (IG) is recommended, with a dose of 0.25 mL/kg of body weight (maximum dose = 15 mL) for immunocompetent persons, as recommended by the CDC 3
For immunocompromised persons, the recommended dose is 0.5 mL/kg of body weight (maximum dose = 15 mL), according to the CDC 3

MMR vaccine is not recommended for severely immunocompromised persons with HIV, as reported by the CDC 5
Severely immunocompromised patients exposed to measles should receive immune globulin prophylaxis regardless of vaccination status, according to the CDC 5
For patients receiving intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) therapy, a standard dose of 100-400 mg/kg within 3 weeks before measles exposure should be sufficient to prevent infection, as recommended by the CDC 5
Mumps infection during the first trimester of pregnancy has been associated with increased risk for fetal death, as reported by the CDC 1
However, mumps infection during pregnancy is not associated with congenital malformations, according to the CDC 1